Africa — Western & Central

Summary and Regional Information

The US Communicable Disease Center (CDC, now the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) conducted a smallpox eradication/measles control program in Western and Central Africa. It began late in 1966, concluding in 1972, and was funded by the US Agency for International Development. The program was coordinated with WHO’s eradication programme through its Regional Office for Africa (AFRO).
For more information, see:

Smallpox and Its Eradication (Fenner et al, WHO, 1988), Chapters 17 & 25 (pp 1162-70)
CDC and the smallpox crusade (Ogden HG, CDC, 1987), Chapters 1-3

Nigedria. Simultaneous smallpox and measles vaccinations

Nigeria. District Medical Officer Dr Osiu-Kamana demonstrates a jet injector in a staff training session.

More photos...

Summary of Smallpox Status

Country	Last endemic case	Importations during SEP	Country	Last endemic case	Importations during SEP
Benin (Dahomey)¹	1969	None post-1969	Guinea	1968	None post-1968
Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)²	1968	None post-1958	Guinea-Bissau³	1957	None
Cameroon	1968	1969	Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)	1966	1967
Central African Republic	1963	None	Liberia	1968	None post-1968
Chad	1965	1967,1968	Mali	1968	1969
Congo	1965	None	Mauritania	1962	None
Equatorial Guinea	1960	None	Niger	1968	1969
Gabon	1965	None	Nigeria	1970	None post-1970
Gambia	1966	None	Senegal	1963	None
Sierra Leone	1969	None	Togo	1969	None post-1969
Ghana	1967	1968

Benin (Dahomey), Burkina Faso (Upper Volta), Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire), Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo were certified as smallpox-free by an International Commission on 15 Apr 1976 (AFR/Smallpox/80).

Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon were certified as smallpox-free by an International Commission on 30 Jun 1977 (AFR/Smallpox/86).

Dahomey was renamed Benin in 1975.
Upper Volta was renamed Burkina Faso in 1984.
Guinea-Bissau was a colony of Portugal until 1974. It did not receive assistance from the CDC/USAID regional program.

Historical Smallpox & Its Control

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1967	The origins of smallpox in Central Africa. I.	Roberts CJ	Cent Afr J Med 1967 13(2): 31-3 contd
1973	Smallpox and traditional medicine in the developing countries of Africa and Asia	Sery V	Z Tropenmed Parasitol 1973 24(1): 105-18
*1975	Smallpox inoculation in Africa	Herbert EW	J Afr Hist 1975 16(4): 539-59	DOI: 10.1017/S0021853700014547
1981	Traditional African medicine and eradication of smallpox	Singer P, Vann CR	N Engl J Med 1981 304(15): 914-5	DOI: 10.1056/nejm198104093041520
1982	[Sakpata, a contribution of the African medicine man to smallpox eradication] German	Stocklin WH	Gesnerus 1982 39(3-4): 405-15	URL: brill.com/view/journals/ges/39/3-4/ges.39.issue-3-4.xml
1947	Yellow fever vaccination, simple or associated with vaccination against smallpox, of the populations of French West Africa by the method of the Pasteur Institute of Dakar	Peltier MG	Am J Public Health 1947 37(8): 1026-32	DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.37.8.1026 PMC: PMC1623887
*1948	[Mixed vaccination against yellow fever and smallpox according to the method of the Pasteur Institute in Dakar] French	Peltier M	Abstr Int Congr Trop Med Malar 1948 56(4th Congr): 37
*1949	[Dessicated vaccine and the campaign against smallpox in tropical countries] Spanish; Engl summary	Fasquelle R, Fasquelle J	Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 1949 28(11): 1118-25	PAHO: 10665.2/13311
2009	Smallpox in Africa during colonial rule	Schneider WH	Med Hist 2009 53(2): 193-227	DOI: 10.1017/s002572730000363x PMC: PMC2668906
*1965	[The history and the performance of the O.C.C.G.E. in French-speaking West Africa] French	Richet P	Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1965 59: 234-54	DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(65)90002-7
*1971	[History of smallpox control in French speaking African countries] French	Fasquelle R, Fasquelle A	Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 1971 64(5): 734-56
*1965	[Measles mortality and morbidity in French-speaking countries of West Africa (survey methods and results)] French	Cantrelle P	Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1965 16: 35-45
1965	Field experience with combined live measles, smallpox and yellow fever vaccines.	Meyer HM Jr	Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1965 16: 365-6	DOI: 10.1007/BF01253840
1966	Measles and smallpox eradication in West Africa		West Afr Med J 1966 15(5): 167
*1967	Smallpox-eradication and measles-control programs in West and Central Africa: Theoretical and practical approaches and problems Industry Council for Tropical Health, Boston, Oct 1966	Henderson DA	In: Industry and tropical health VI, Boston, Harvard School of Public Health, 1967, pp 112-20	URL: wellcomecollection.org/works/yd92v4km DAH: Chesney Med Arch
1968	WHO Smallpox Surveillance Report #7, Aug Western and Central Africa	Smallpox unit, WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1968 43(35):444-7	WHO: 10665/216769
1968	WHO Smallpox Surveillance Report #12, Nov Africa	Smallpox unit, WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1968 43(45):574-9	WHO: 10665/216887
1968	Cultural resistance to smallpox vaccination in West Africa	Challenor BD	WHO/SE/68.4 and J Trop Med Hyg 1971 74(3): 57-9	WHO: 10665/67464
1969	WHO Smallpox Surveillance Report #17, 7 Feb 1969 Western and Central Africa. Outbreak: Sierra Leone	Smallpox unit, WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1969 44(6):113-6	WHO: 10665/217035
1969	WHO Smallpox Surveillance Report #23, 2 May 1969 Strategy of the smallpox surveillance and containment programme, Western and Central Africa	Smallpox unit, WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1969 44(18):297-303	WHO: 10665/217190
1971	Selective epidemiologic control in smallpox eradication	Foege WH, Millar JD, Lane JM	Am J Epidemiol 1971 94(4): 311-315	DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121325
*1971	Mass measles control in West and Central Africa	Foster SO, Pifer JM	Afr J Med Sci 1971 2(2): 151-8
1972	Potency and stability characteristics of smallpox vaccine used in the smallpox eradication programme in Western and West-central Africa International Symposium on Smallpox Vaccine, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, 11-13 Oct 1972	Bernstein A, Bierly MZ Jr	WHO/SE/72.49 and Symp Series Immunobiol Stand 1973 19:157-65	WHO: 10665/67517
1972	Persistence of facial scars of smallpox in West African populations	Foster SO	WHO/SE/72.34	WHO: 10665/67492
*1974	Isolation of viruses from wild mammals in West Africa, 1966-1970	Kemp GE, Causey OR, Setzer HW, Moore DL	J Wildl Dis 1974 10(3): 279-93	DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-10.3.279
*1975	Smallpox eradication in West and Central Africa	Foege WH, Millar JD, Henderson DA	Bull WHO 1975 52(2):209-22	PMC: PMC2366358
1979	Smallpox Zero in Africa	Bland J, Viedma C, Davies P, Thapalyal L, (eds.)	World Health 1979 Oct: 114-19	WHO: 10665/368355
1980	[Eradication of variola in Africa (author's transl)] Czech	Zikmund V, Slonim D, Prikazsky V	Cesk Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 1980 29(5): 309-18
1992	[Homage of the "Centers for Disease Control" of Atlanta (United States of America) to the French military physicians who participated in the Tropical African world program to eradicate smallpox: the Pharo, October 22, 1991] French	Picq JJ	Med Trop (Mars) 1992 52(4): 451-7
*1980	The last 50 years of smallpox in Africa	Tulloch JL	WHO Chron 1980 34(11): 407-12

1998	Commentary: Smallpox eradication in west and central Africa revisited	Foege WH	Bull WHO 1998 76(3):233-5	PMC: PMC2305707
2003	Smallpox eradication in West and Central Africa: surveillance-containment or herd immunity?	Kaplan EH, Wein LM	Epidemiology 2003 14(1): 90-2	DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200301000-00021
2011	Lessons and innovations from the West and Central African Smallpox Eradication Program Smallpox Eradication after 30 Years: Lessons, Legacies and Innovations. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24-27 Aug 2010	Foege WH	Vaccine 2011 29(Suppl 4):D10-D12	DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.008
2021	Smallpox eradication: African origin, African solutions, and relevance for COVID-19	Breman JG	Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021 104(2): 416-21	DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1557 PMC: PMC7866312

Program Implementation

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
*1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	Selected references are listed below. See Meetings & Seminars for a complete listing of the 60+ presentations.
	PROCEEDINGS - Part I [10.5 MB]		CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):1-66	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Development and status of the smallpox eradication and measles control programme in west Africa	Millar JD	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):21-7a	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Epidemiology of smallpox in west and central Africa	Foege WH	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):29-35a	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Summary: Smallpox	Millar JD	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):65-6	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	PROCEEDINGS - Part 2 [19.4 MB]		CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):1-225	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Assessment of surveillance systems in West Africa	Henderson RH	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):69-72	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Intercountry cooperation and coordination: An overview	Lythcott GI	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):76-7	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Smallpox eradication in Africa: Principles for action in the maintenance phase	Binson B	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):177-80	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— A review of West African operations: Methods and tactics	Hicks JW	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):192-8	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Associated vaccine campaigns: Organization and logistics	Labusquiere R	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):216-20	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Summary: Programme operations	Henderson DA	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):224-5	DAH: Chesney Med Arch

Human Monkeypox

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
*1972	Human monkeypox	Foster SO, Brink EW, Hutchins DL, Pifer JM,Lourie B, Moser CR, Cummings EC, Kuteyi OEK, Eke REA, Titus JB, Ademola Smith E, Hicks JW, Foege WH	Bull WHO 1972 46(5): 569–576	PMC: PMC2480784
*1972	Human infection with monkeypox virus: Laboratory investigation of six cases in West Africa	Lourie B, Bingham PG, Evans HH, Foster SO, Nakano JH, Herrmann KL	Bull WHO 1972 46(5):633–639	PMC: PMC2480791
*1972	Isolation and properties of the causal agent of a new variola-like disease (monkeypox) in man	Marennikova SS, Seluhina EM, Mal'ceva NN, Cimiskjan KL, Macevic GR	Bull WHO 1972 46(5): 599-611	PMC: PMC2480798
1975	Relevance of some poxvirus infections in monkeys to smallpox eradication	Gispen R	Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1975 69(3): 299-302	DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(75)90122-4
*1976	Monkeypox-specific antibodies in human and simian sera from the Ivory Coast and Nigeria	Gispen R, Brand-Saathof BB, Hekker AC	Bull WHO 1976 53(4): 355-60	PMC: PMC2366533
*1976	Monkeypox and whitepox viruses in West and Central Africa.	Arita I, Henderson DA	WHO/SE/76.78 and Bull WHO 1976 53(4): 347-353	WHO: 10665/68182 PMC: PMC2366520
*1977	Poxvirus in West African nonhuman primates: Serological survey results	Breman JG, Bernadou J, Nakano JH	Bull WHO 1977 55(5): 605-12	PMC: PMC2366701
1977	Human poxvirus disease after smallpox eradication	Breman JG, Nakano JH, Coffi E, Godfrey H, Gautun JC	Am J Trop Med Hyg 1977 26(2): 273-81	DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1977.26.273
*1984	The current status of human monkeypox: memorandum from a WHO meeting		Bull WHO 1984 62(5): 703-13	PMC: PMC2536211
*1985	Human monkeypox: a newly emerged orthopoxvirus zoonosis in the tropical rain forests of Africa	Arita I, Jezek Z, Khodakevich L, Ruti K	Am J Trop Med Hyg 1985 34(4): 781-9	DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.781
*1985	[Monkey pox virus infection in humans in the Central African Republic] French	Khodakevich L, Widy-Wirski R, Arita I, Marennikova SS, Nakano J, Meunier D	Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 1985 78(3): 311-20
1986	[Isolation of the monkey pox virus from a wild African squirrel] Russian	Marennikova SS, Shelukhina EM, Khodakevich LN, Ianova NN	Vopr Virusol 1986 31(2): 238-41

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
2012	Disease, religion and medicine: smallpox in nineteenth-century Benin	Soumonni E	Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos 2012 19 Suppl 1:35-45	DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702012000500003
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	— Notes on variolation	Glokpor GF	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):59-61	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
*	— The role of fetish practices in vaccination campaigns	Robbins GE	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):62-64	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
*	— The surveillance system and methods used to improve reporting. II. Dahomey	Yekpe M	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):60-2	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Assessment of vaccination coverage and smallpox in five areas of West Africa: A summary of terminal assessment results	Henderson RH, Davis H, Eddins D	CDC, SEP Report IV(2):109-32	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country report: Dahomey		SE/69.18	WHO: 10665/67994
1969	Smallpox Surveillance Report #34, 28 Nov 1969 Western and Central Africa. Outbreak: Dahomey	Smallpox unit, WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1969 44(48):645-9	WHO: 10665/217500
*1969	Smallpox transmission in southern Dahomey: a study of a village outbreak	Henderson RH, Yekpe M	Am J Epidemiol 1969 90(5):423-8	DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121088
*1973	Assessment of vaccination coverage, vaccination scar rates, and smallpox scarring in five areas of West Africa	Henderson RH, Davis H, Eddins DL, Foege WH	Bull WHO 1973 48(2):183-94	PMC: PMC2481004
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Benin		SE/WP/75.10	WHO: 10665/68135
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
*1964	Response of Volta children to live attenuated measles virus vaccine	Meyer HM Jr, Hostetler DD Jr, Bernheim BC, Rogers NG, Lambin P, Chassary A, Smadel JE	Bull WHO 1964 30(6): 769-81	PMC: PMC2555080
*1964	Response of Volta children to jet inoculation of combined live measles, smallpox and yellow fever vaccines	Meyer Jr HM, Hostetler Jr DD, Bernheim BC, Rogers NG, Lambin P, Chassary A, Labusquière R, Smadel JE	Bull WHO 1964 30:783-94	PMC: PMC2555088
1965	Mass vaccination against measles in Upper Volta	Meyer HM Jr	Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1965 16: 243-5	DOI: 10.1007/BF01253815


1967	Standardization and mass application of combined live measles-smallpox vaccine in Upper Volta	Kalabus F, Sansarricq H, Lambin P, Proulx J, Hillman MR	Am J Epidemiol 1967 86(1):93-111	DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120736
1967	Assessment by market surveys: Upper Volta, Ivory Coast Smallpox eradication surveillance report, Draft 2, Dec 1967	Rahman A	SE/SR/67.2 pp 18-9	WHO: 10665/67094
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	— Persistence of smallpox in remote unvaccinated villages	Imperato PJ, Sow O, LaPointe M, Vastine D, Leonard TA	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):47-51	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Experiences in Upper Volta with inter-country coordination of containment activities	d'Amanda C	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):80-1	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country Report: Upper Volta		SE/69.25	WHO: 10665/68008
1969	Smallpox Surveillance Report #20, 21 Mar 1969 Outbreaks: Mali/Upper Volta border	Smallpox unit, WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1969 44(12):205-11	WHO: 10665/217110
1969	Smallpox in a border area		WHO Chron 1969 23(8): 379-82
*1973	The persistence of smallpox in remote unvaccinated villages during eradication program activities	Imperato PJ, Sow O, Benitieni-Fofana	Acta Trop 1973 30(4): 261-8
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Upper Volta		SE/WP/75.8	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80
1977	[A year of utilization of a kit for the surveillance of cholera, yellow fever and smallpox in Upper Volta] French	Saliou P, Rey JL, Breman JG, Stoeckel P	Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 1977 70(5):544-52

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1963	[Apropos of an epidemic of smallpox in the Northern Cameroons (1961-1962)] French	Delas A, Roguet J	Med Trop (Mars) 1963 23:112-24
1969	Smallpox Surveillance Report #18, 21 Feb 1969 Outbreaks in non-endemic countries: Cameroon, Ghana, Sudan, South Africa. Brazil: Outbreak in a city 100% vaccinated	Smallpox unit, WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1969 44(8):150-8	WHO: 10665/217064
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	— Investigation of imported cases during the smallpox eradication programme in Cameroon	Delas A	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):183-7	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country Report: Cameroon		SE/69.10	WHO: 10665/67977
1977	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Central Africa: United Republic of Cameroon		SE/CAC/77.2
1977	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, Zaire		AFR/Smallpox/86


1991	[Monkeypox or a severe case of chickenpox? A case of human monkeypox in a child from the Cameroon] French	Tchokoteu PF, Kago I, Tetanye E, Ndoumbe P, Pignon D, Mbede J	Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 1991 71(2): 123-8
1999	A search for Ebola virus in animals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cameroon: ecologic, virologic, and serologic surveys, 1979-1980. Ebola Virus Study Teams.	Breman JG, Johnson KM, van der Groen G, Robbins CB, Szczeniowski MV, Ruti K, Webb PA, Meier F, Heymann DL	J Infect Dis 1999 179 Suppl 1:S139-47	DOI: 10.1086/514278

Africa — Western & Central

Summary and Regional Information

Summary of Smallpox Status

Historical Smallpox & Its Control

Program Implementation

Human Monkeypox

Benin (Dahomey)

Orthopoxviruses

Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)

Measles Control — Prelude to the CDC/USAID Program

Smallpox Eradication 1967-76

Human Monkeypox

Cameroon

Human Monkeypox & Ebola

Central African Republic

Human Monkeypox

Chad

Congo

Equatorial Guinea

Gabon

The Gambia

Ghana

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)

Human Monkeypox

Liberia

Human Monkeypox

Mali

Human Monkeypox

Mauritania

Niger

Nigeria

Measles Control — Prelude to the CDC/USAID Program

Smallpox Eradication 1967-76

Human Monkeypox

Senegal

Sierra Leone

Human Monkeypox

Togo

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	— Assessment in the Central African Republic	Ewen N	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):103-108	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country Report: Central African Republic		SE/69-17	WHO: 10665/67991
1977	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Central Africa: Central African Republic		SE/CAC/77.4
1977	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, Zaire		AFR/Smallpox/86

Year	Title	Authors	Source	Source
1967	WER. Epidemiological Notes. Smallpox: Africa. Chad 1st case reported since 1965; origin Nigeria	WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1967 Apr 7 42(14):175	WHO: 10665/215967
1967	WER. Epidemiological Notes. Smallpox: Africa. Chad. Outbreak, origin Nigeria; 81 cases, 21 deaths (26%)	WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1967 Sep 15 42(37):424	WHO: 10665/216200
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
*	— Advantages and disadvantages of specialized and multi-purpose medical teams	Roux JM	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):208-212	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country Report: Chad		SE/69.15	WHO: 10665/67987
1977	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Central Africa: Chad		SE/CAC/77.8
1977	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, Zaire		AFR/Smallpox/86

Year	Title	Authors	Source
1964	[Aspects of the epidemic of smallpox at Congo-Brazzaville in 1962-1963 and virologic and electrophoretic study of patients' sera]	Bordas J, Jolibois C, Acker P	Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 1964 57(6):1214-24
1977	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Central Africa: Congo		SE/CAC/77.3
1977	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, Zaire		AFR/Smallpox/86

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1977	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Central Africa: Equatorial Guinea		SE/CAC/77.6
1977	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, Zaire		AFR/Smallpox/86

Year	Title	Source	URL
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	— Country Report: Gabon	SE/69.14	WHO: 10665/67985
1977	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Central Africa: Gabon	SE/CAC/77.5

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	— Programme costs as related to vaccinations, morbidity and mortality in The Gambia	N'Dow PJ	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):221-223	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country Report: The Gambia		SE/69.16	WHO: 10665/67989
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Gambia		SE/WP/75.11	WHO: 10665/68137
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1965	Variolation in Ghana	Scott D	Extract from Epidemic Disease in Ghana 1901-1960, London, Oxford Univ Press, 1965 pp 83-4	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
*1956	Organization and work of the Gold Coast Medical Field Units	Waddy BB	Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1956 50(4): 313-36; discussion37-43	DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(56)90042-6
1964	Smallpox eradication programme in Ghana Expert Committee on Smallpox, Geneva, 14-20 January 1964	Grant FC	Smallpox/WP.20	WHO: 10665/67674
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
*	— Surveillance techniques for detecting importations of smallpox	Grant FC	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):66-68	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country Report: Ghana		SE/69.9	WHO: 10665/68020
1969	Smallpox Surveillance Report #18, 21 Feb 1969 Outbreaks in non-endemic countries: Cameroon, Ghana, Sudan, South Africa. Brazil: Outbreak in a city 100% vaccinated	Smallpox unit, WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1969 44(8):150-8	WHO: 10665/217064
1969	Field investigation of an outbreak of smallpox at Bawku, Ghana: May-October 1967	de Sario V	WHO/SE/69.8 and East Afr Med J 1970 47(10):524-35	WHO: 10665/67469
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Ghana		SE/WP/75.12	WHO: 10665/68139
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	— Execution of smallpox eradication-measles control programme in Guinea	Barry El-Hadj A	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):36-40	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
*	— Concurrent assessment during the smallpox eradication/measles control programme in Guinea - December 1967 through February 1969	Alécaut B, Breman JG, Famba MK	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):90-96	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country Report: Guinea		SE/69.21	WHO: 10665/68000
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Republic of Guinea		SE/WP/75.1	WHO: 10665/68132
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80
*1977	Smallpox in the Republic of Guinea, West Africa. I. History and epidemiology	Breman JG, Alecaut AB, Lane JM	Am J Trop Med Hyg 1977 26(4): 756-64	DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1977.26.756
*1977	Smallpox in the Republic of Guinea, West Africa. II. Eradication using mobile teams	Breman JG, Alecaut AB, Malberg DR, Charter RS, Lane JM	Am J Trop Med Hyg 1977 26(4): 765-74	DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1977.26.765

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Republic of Guinea-Bissau		SE/WP/75.15	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1965	[Difficulties in the eradication of smallpox] Serbo-Croat	Vodopija I	Lijec Vjesn 1965 87(12): 1347-56
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	— Country Report: Liberia		SE/69.13	WHO: 10665/67983
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Liberia		SE/WP/75.9	WHO: 10665/68163
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80


1971	Smallpox Surveillance Report #54, 5 Mar 1971 Smallpox-like illness [monkeypox] reported: Dem Rep Congo, Liberia, Sierra Leone	Smallpox unit, WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1971 46(10):86-91	WHO: 10665/218191
1971	Special report: Human infection with monkeypox: Liberia and Sierra Leone	Cummings EC	CDC, SEP Report V(1):1-14	GHC: 3036
*1972	Human monkeypox	Foster SO, Brink EW, Hutchins DL, Pifer JM, Lourie B, Moser CR, Cummings EC, Kuteyi OE, Eke RE, Titus JB, Smith EA, Hicks JW, Foege WH	Bull WHO 1972 46(5):569-76	PMC: PMC2480784
*1972	Human infection with monkeypox virus: Laboratory investigation of six cases in West Africa	Lourie B, Bingham PG, Evans HH, Foster SO, Nakano JH, Herrmann KL	Bull WHO 1972 46(5):633–639	PMC: PMC2480791
*1972	Isolation and properties of the causal agent of a new variola-like disease (monkeypox) in man	Marennikova SS, Shelukhina EMM, N. N., Cimiskjan KL, Macevic GR	Bull WHO 1972 46(5):599-611	WHO: 10665/263482
1972		A rare smallpox-like disease	WHO Chron 1971 25(8):370-2

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1968	Traditional beliefs about smallpox and its treatment in the Republic of Mali	Imperato PJ, Traoré D	J Trop Med Hyg 1968 71(9):224-8
1968	The practice of variolation among the Songhai of Mali	Imperato P	Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1968 62(6)863-73	DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(68)90015-1
2021	The depiction of smallpox and other dermatologic lesions on the surfaces of ancient terracotta statues from Mali, West Africa	Imperato PJ	J Community Health 2021 46(5): 1036-49	DOI: 10.1007/s10900-021-01018-8

1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	— Persistence of smallpox in remote unvaccinated villages	Imperato P, Sow O, LaPointe M, Vastine D, Leonard TA	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):47-51	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Role of migrant groups in the transmission of smallpox in Mali	Sow O	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):55-56	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country Report: Mali		SE/WP/69.23	WHO: 10665/68004
1969	Smallpox Surveillance Report #20, 21 Mar 1969 Outbreaks: Mali/Upper Volta border	Smallpox unit, WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1969 44(12):205-11	WHO: 10665/217110
1969	Smallpox in a border area		WHO Chron 1969 23(8): 379-82
1969	The use of markets as vaccination sites in the Mali Republic	Imperato PJ	J Trop Med Hyg 1969 72(1): 8-13
*1970	The transmission pattern of smallpox in a West African school population	Imperato PJ	J Trop Pediatr 1970 16(4):204-9. DOI:10.1093/tropej/16.4.204
1971	The transmission pattern of smallpox in Eastern Mali	Fofana B, Imperato PJ, Nedvideck J	Acta Trop 1971 28(2):175-9
*1972	The epidemiology of smallpox in the Republic of Mali	Imperato PJ, Sow O, Fofana B	Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1972 66(1):176-82	DOI:10.1016/0035-9203(72)90067-3
*1973	The persistence of smallpox in remote unvaccinated villages during eradication program activities	Imperato PJ, Sow O, Fofana B	Acta Trop 1973 30(4):261-8
1974	Observations on variolation practices in Mali	Imperato P	Trop Geogr Med 1974 26(4):429-40
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Republic of Mali		SE/WP/75.3	WHO: 10665/68149
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80
1996	Smallpox and measles in Mali: contrasting control strategies and outcomes	Imperato PJ	Caduceus 1996 12(1): 61-72

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Mauritania		SE/WP/75.13	WHO: 10665/68141
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1969	Assessment of Phase I of the Smallpox Eradication/Measles Control Program of Niger: 8-22 Jan 1969	Henderson RH	CDC/USAID West Africa Smallpox Eradication/Measles Control Program	GHC: globalhealthchronicles.org/items/show/3047
	— See also Notes from Niger (1969), a personal account of participation in the assessment above	D'Amanda C	C D'Amanda personal papers	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
1970	WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	— A study of smallpox in the Tuaregs in Tahoua, Niger	Masso AR	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):57-58	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— The surveillance system and methods used to improve reporting, III. Niger	Alzouma I	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):63-65	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Proposals for intercountry coordination	Tchellé L	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):78-79	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Assessment of vaccination coverage and smallpox in five areas of West Africa — a summary of terminal assessment results	Henderson RH, Davis H, Eddins D	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):109-132	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Maintenance of smallpox immunity among the nomads	Alzouma I	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):181-182	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country Report: Niger		SE/69.19	WHO: 10665/67996
*1973	Assessment of vaccination coverage, vaccination scar rates, and smallpox scarring in five areas of West Africa	Henderson RH, Davis H, Eddins DL, Foege WH	Bull WHO 1973 48(2):183-94	PMC: PMC2481004
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Niger		SE/WP/75.14	WHO: 10665/68143
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
Measles Control — Prelude to the CDC/USAID Program
*1962	Measles in Nigeria	Morley DC	Am J Dis Child 1962 103: 230-233	DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1962.02080020242007
*1965	A further study on measles vaccination in Nigerian children	Hendrickse RG, Montefiore D, Sherman PM, Sofoluwe GO	Bull WHO 1965 32(6): 803-8	PMC: PMC2555283
1965	A comparison of two methods of vaccination against smallpox in Nigeria	Snell PH	West Afr Med J 1965 14(6):233-5


1967	A pilot assessment project—Kano, Nigeria	Smith EA, Adeoye PO, Jones CJ; Smallpox unit, WHO	SE/SR/67.2 pp 14-7	WHO: 10665/67094
1967	Simultaneous administration of live measles virus vaccine and smallpox vaccine	Sherman PM, Hendrickse RG, Montefiore D, Peradze T, Coker G	Br Med J 1967 2(5553):672-6	PMC: PMC1842333
1968	Faith Tabernacle smallpox epidemic, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Thompson D, Foege WH	WHO/SE/68.3	WHO: 10665/67462
	see also:
	2003. Transmission potential of smallpox: estimates based on detailed data from an outbreak	Eichner M, Dietz K	Am J Epidemiol 2003 158(2): 110-7	DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwg103
1968	Characteristics of an epidemic of smallpox, Gerere Hamlet, Nigeria—1968	Pifer J, Adeoye CL	WHO/SE/68.5	WHO: 10665/67463
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
*	— The value of surveillance newsletters	Smith EA, Foster SO	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):53-57	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Concurrent assessment of the Smallpox Eradication Programme in Mid-West State, Nigeria	Mebitaghan IS, Okoh PA	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):97-102	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Assessment of vaccination coverage and smallpox in five areas of West Africa — a summary of terminal assessment results	Henderson RH, Davis H, Eddins D	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):109-132	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— The value, efficiency, and limitations of collecting points in mass vaccination programmes	Smith EA, Foster SO, Adetosoye JI, Mebitaghan IS, Adeoye PO, Pifer JM	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):199-204	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country Report: Nigeria		SE/69.22	WHO: 10665/68002
	— Country Report: Nigeria (Northern States)		SE/69.24	WHO: 10665/68006
1969	[Organization of operations for single-stage smallpox vaccination of the population of one of the regions of western Nigeria] Russian	Lugovskiĭ IP	Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1969 46(1):93-5
1969	Address on the occassion of the 10 millionth Nigerian smallpox vaccination	Timi of Ede	CDC/USAID West Africa Smallpox Eradication/Measles Control Program	GHC: globalhealthchronicles.org/items/show/3023
1970	Smallpox Surveillance Report #43, 26 Jun 1970 Outbreak: Nigeria	Smallpox unit, WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1970 45(26):278-82	WHO: 10665/217785
*1970	The epidemiology of smallpox in Nigeria	Foster SO, Smith EA	J Nigeria Med Assoc 1970 7: 41-5
*1970	Epidemiology of measles and measles control in Nigeria	Smith EA, Foster SO	Bull Int Epidemiol Assoc 1970 20: 17-28
*1970	The effect of the smallpox eradication measles control programme on measles admissions to the Lagos infectious diseases hospital, Yaba, Nigeria	Smith EA, Foster SO	West Afr Med J Niger Pract 1970 19(2): 51-6
1970	Recurrence of smallpox in Nigeria 1970 Inter-Regional Seminar on Surveillance and Assessment in Smallpox Eradication, New Delhi, India, 30 Nov-5 Dec 1970	Foege WH	WHO/SE/71.30:45-51	WHO: 10665/67488 pp 45--51
*1972	An unusual poxvirus from Nigeria	Bourke AT, Dumbell KR	Bull WHO 197246(5):621–623.	PMC: PMC2480787
*1973	Assessment of vaccination coverage, vaccination scar rates, and smallpox scarring in five areas of West Africa	Henderson RH, Davis H, Eddins DL, Foege WH	Bull WHO 1973 48(2):183-94	PMC: PMC2481004
*1973	Simultaneous administration of smallpox, measles, yellow fever, and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus antigens to Nigerian children	Ruben FL, Smith EA, Foster SO, Casey HL, Pifer JM, Wallace RB, Atta AI, Jones WL, Arnold RB, Teller BE, Shaikh ZQ, Lourie B, Eddins DL, Doko SM, Foege WH	Bull WHO 1973 48(2):175-81	PMC: PMC2481001
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Nigeria		SE/WP/75.4	WHO: 10665/68002
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80
1976	Freedom from smallpox. Case histories on four countries where cases were missed for extended periods	Henderson DA	WHO/SE/76.85 Annex III	WHO: 10665/70473
1980	Immune responses to measles and smallpox vaccinations in malnourished children	Ifekwunigwe AE, Grasset N, Glass R, Foster SO	Am J Clin Nutr 1980 33(3): 621-4	DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/33.3.621
1996	Images in clinical medicine. Smallpox--26 years ago	Herron C	N Engl J Med 1996 334(20): 1304	DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199605163342005

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1961	Infectious diseases in the pre-school child in Senegal	Senecal J, Aubry L, Falade S	West Afr Med J 1961 10: 319-20
*1962	Infectious diseases in the child of pre-school age in Senegal	Senecal J, Aubry L, Falade S	West Afr Med J 1962 11: 93-105
1962	Infectious diseases in the child of pre-school age in Senegal	Senecal J, Aubry L, Falade S	West Afr Med J 1962 11: 175-6
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	— The measles control programme in Dakar, Senegal	Seck M, Helmholz RC	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):149-50	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country Report: Senegal		SE/69.11	WHO: 10665/67979
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Senegal		SE/WP/75.5	WHO: 10665/68155
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1969	Smallpox Surveillance Report #17, 7 Feb 1969 Western and Central Africa. Outbreak: Sierra Leone	Smallpox unit, WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1969 44(6):113-6	WHO: 10665/217035
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	— Results of investigation and control programme in Sierra Leone	Cummings EC, Hopkins DR, Thornton JN	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):41-44	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Associated with exposure at a funeral ceremony: Smallpox outbreak, Yawei Chiefdom, Kailahun District, Sierra Leone	Cummings EC, Hopkins DR, Thornton JN	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):52-54	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country Report: Sierra Leone		SE/69.8	WHO: 10665/68018
1970	The smallpox eradication programme in Sierra Leone Inter-Regional Seminar on Surveillance and Assessment in Smallpox Eradication, New Delhi, India, 30 Nov - 5 Dec 1970	Cummings EC	SE/WP/70.7 [Also issued as WHO/SE/71.30 pp 32-44]	WHO: 10665/68077 WHO: 10665/67488
1971	Smallpox Surveillance Report #54, 5 Mar 1971 Smallpox-like illness [monkeypox] reported: Dem Rep Congo, Liberia, Sierra Leone	Smallpox unit, WHO	Wkly Epidemol Rec 1971 46(10):86-91	WHO: 10665/218191
*1971	Two funeral-associated smallpox outbreaks in Sierra Leone	Hopkins DR, Lane JM, Cummings EC, Millar JD	Am J Epidemiol 1971 94(4):341-7	DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121328
*1971	Smallpox in Sierra Leone. I. Epidemiology	Hopkins DR, Lane JM, Cummings EC, Millar JD	Am J Trop Med Hyg 1971 20(5):689-96	DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1971.20.689
*1971	Smallpox in Sierra Leone. II. The 1968-69 eradication program	Hopkins DR, Lane JM, Cummings EC, Thornton JN, Millar JD	Am J Trop Med Hyg 1971 20(5):697-704	DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1971.20.697
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Sierra Leone		SE/WP/75.6	WHO: 10665/68153
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
*1905	[Smallpox control in Togo] German	Kulz	Arch Schiff Tropenhyg 1905 9:241-53
1948	[A smallpox epidemic in Togo, November 1944 to May 1945] French	Le Gac PJ	Med Trop (Mars) 1948 8(3):322-30
1967	An evaluation of measles and smallpox vaccines simultaneously administered	Budd MA, Scholtens RG, McGehee RF, Jr., Gardner P	Am J Public Health 1967 57(1):80-6	DOI: 10.2105/ajph.57.1.80 PMC: PMC1226998
1969	Joint WHO/USAID/CDC Seminar on Smallpox Eradication and Measles Control in Western and Central Africa. Lagos, Nigeria, 13-20 May 1969
	— Use of house-to-house surveys in finding smallpox cases	Agle AN	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):45-46	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Notes on variolation	Glokpor GF	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):59-61	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
*	— The role of fetish practices in vaccination campaigns	Robbins GE	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(1):62-64	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— The surveillance system and methods used to improve reporting, I. Togo	Agbodjan LP	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):58-69	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Benefits of intercountry coordination	Agle AN	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):82	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Assessment of vaccination coverage and smallpox in five areas of West Africa — a summary of terminal assessment results	Henderson RH, Davis H, Eddins D	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):109-132	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Comparative advantages of jet injectors and bifurcated needles	Glokpor GP	CDC, SEP Report 1970 IV(2):205-207	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	— Country Report: Togo		SE/69.12	WHO: 10665/67981
1969	Negative epidemiological enquiries within the framework of the smallpox eradication programme	Glokpor GF	WHO/SE/69.12	WHO: 10665/67467
1970	Epidemiological investigations: Smallpox Eradication Programme in Togo - 1969	Glokpor GF, Agle AN	WHO/SE/70.21	WHO: 10665/67479
*1973	Assessment of vaccination coverage, vaccination scar rates, and smallpox scarring in five areas of West Africa	Henderson RH, Davis H, Eddins DL, Foege WH	Bull WHO 1973 48(2):183-94	PMC: PMC2481004
*1974	Isolation of viruses from wild mammals in West Africa, 1966-1970	Kemp GE, Causey OR, Setzer HW, Moore DL	J Wildl Dis 1974 10(3): 279-93	DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-10.3.279
1975	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Western Africa: Togo		SE/WP/75.7	WHO: 10665/68159
1976	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Upper Volta		AFR/Smallpox/80